A. Sutherland – AncientPages.com – In ancient beliefs, the winds were of divine origin, but not everyone agreed on the place of their residence and lineage.
However, many agreed, through the ages, that the winds helped gods and goddesses in different, often most extraordinary situations. They also helped and endangered people.
Zephyrus blows Odysseus ship forward. Credit: Adobe Stock – Morphart
One of them was a highly respected and powerful goddess, Artemis. When Agamemnon, one of the legendary warriors of the Trojan War in the Iliad, once offended Artemis, she took revenge against him by calming the winds that bore Agamemnon’s fleet toward Troy.
The gods of the four principal winds (northern, southern, eastern, and western) were Boreas, Notos, Zephyr, and Euros. All four Anemoi – were believed to be the sons of Astraeus, god of the dusk and the goddess of the dawn Eos.
Most often, Thrace located in Southeast Europe, was believed to represent the homeland of the winds. Above all, Boreas has his palace of the sky, while other winds dwell in various caverns. Boreas is the most powerful and most dangerous of them.
Homer’s Odyssey mentions a beautiful story about the winds and a fabulous land called Aeolia, probably located on one of the Aeolian Islands, north of Sicily. Aeolia was a floating island surrounded by bronze ramparts. It was a true fortress.
Aeolia was the home to Aeolus (Ajolos), who was the best friend of the gods and the king of the winds. He had twelve children: six daughters and six sons. He married them to himself so that they would not be parted from each other, and they lived in wealth and happiness. Zeus has put all the winds under his guard as sometimes, he has to calm them; sometimes, he orders them to blow again.
However, he must keep an eye on them all the time. Otherwise, they could break free from their bonds and wreak havoc on Earth.
In one story, Poseidon put a spell upon Odysseus, a legendary Greek king of Ithaca and the hero of Homer’s epic poem, the Odyssey.
Odysseus should wander the seas for at least a decade. But this time, he had much luck when they stayed with the master of the winds, Aeolus, who offered him a bottle containing all the winds except the one that would take him back to Ithaca. The ships came just in sight of Ithaca, and everything was going fine, but not all the way home.
Unfortunately, Odysseus’ companions opened the bottle while he was asleep and released all the winds. Most probably, in the bottle, they expected to find treasures instead. The winds immediately caused a furious storm that drove the ship far away from Ithaca and back to Aeolia.
Eventually, Odysseus and his crew found the master Aeolus again, but this time, he refused to help them further.
Worshiping Of Winds Has Deep Roots In Antiquity
The worship of the winds was widespread, especially among farmers and sailors. Near the seashore, the shrines and chapels were built by worshippers of the winds.
The tower of the winds. Credit: Joanbanjo – CC BY-SA 3.0
Art, especially bas-reliefs and paintings, is often associated with the gods of the winds.
The most famous monument is the octagonal Tower of the Winds in Athens, adorned with a frieze showing the eight winds. This building housed a horologium, a water clock that showed the exact time.
The winds – our eternal companions that we experience daily – are memorized in ancient myths and thanks to a beautiful tower in Athens.
Let’s now look into the Slavic beliefs in the power of winds. The Slavs had slightly different beliefs about winds. The patron saint of the wind was Stribog (in Polish: Strzybóg). The one who is the link between the three worlds. Some believed that the wind was good and even divine. As a deity, it had a human personality and was respected as associated with good and evil, harvest, or war. It was a divine power ensuring prosperity and fertility.
In pagan times, the Slavs believed the wind symbolized changeability and ensured fertility and prosperity.
Also, Triglav, another powerful Slavic deity, was responsible for sea conditions. Sailors made offerings to the gods of the wind and asked for good weather during their boat journeys.
Written by – A. Sutherland – AncientPages.com Senior Staff Writer
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References:
Phillips, Martin R., Mythology
Hamilton Edith, Mythology
